Raipur

Raipur is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of central India and today serves as the capital of Chhattisgarh. Its history reflects the long cultural, political, and economic evolution of the Chhattisgarh plains. Archaeological and literary traditions suggest that the Raipur region was inhabited as early as the 9th century CE, though the surrounding area was part of human settlements even earlier under the wider historical region of Dakshin Kosala, a prominent ancient kingdom of central India.

The foundation of Raipur as a recognizable town is commonly attributed to Kalchuri King Ramachandra of Tumman, who is believed to have established the settlement in the 9th century. Over time, Raipur developed as a local administrative and market centre due to its fertile surroundings and strategic location on important inland trade routes connecting eastern and western India. The Kalchuri period also saw the rise of temple culture and agrarian expansion across the region.

In the medieval era, Raipur came under the control of various regional powers, including the Haihaiyavanshi rulers of Ratanpur. During this period, Raipur grew steadily as a commercial town serving nearby villages. A major religious and cultural landmark of this era is the Dudhadhari Math, founded in the 17th century by Baba Dudhadhari, which became a centre of Vaishnav devotion and learning and remains an important symbol of the city’s spiritual heritage.

The 18th century marked a turning point when Raipur came under Maratha rule. The Marathas strengthened administrative systems and revenue collection, further enhancing Raipur’s importance. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British took control of the region in 1818. Under British administration, Raipur was made the headquarters of a district in the Central Provinces. Roads, civic institutions, schools, and courts were gradually established, transforming Raipur into a structured urban centre.

During the national movement for independence, Raipur played an active role, with local leaders and citizens participating in Gandhian movements and political activities. After independence in 1947, Raipur continued as a key administrative city within Madhya Pradesh.

A historic milestone came in 2000, when the state of Chhattisgarh was formed and Raipur was declared its capital. Since then, the city has expanded rapidly, developing modern infrastructure, educational institutions, and industrial zones while preserving its historical sites and cultural traditions.

Today, Raipur stands as a bridge between ancient heritage and modern governance—its history reflecting centuries of continuous growth, resilience, and cultural continuity in the heart of central India.